Global Economic Cost Essay

Top Motors-is right now one of the essential US car makers in Mexico, meaning to get one of the world’s biggest car makers in the worldwide market. Beside the said objective, Acme is additionally endeavoring to give their clients more and better vehicles also the energy of the administration of Acme to encounter high gainfulness and more noteworthy piece of the pie. So as to satisfy the said objectives, one potential road is have a near preferred position over their rivals through contributing to creating nations which could gracefully the organization with required assets. Right now, the organization has an assembling plant in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas in Mexico that creates the â€Å"Quattro engine†-known for its gentility and high proficiency execution (Associatedcontent. com, 2007). Summit Motors utilizes one procedure to create vehicles as opposed to having each designing place work under various procedure. The motivation behind why Acme built up the assembling plant of car motor in Mexico would be for them to use the modest expense of work of the said nation also the careless approaches of the Mexican government as far as workers’ security. With the modest workers accessible in the economy of Mexico, Acme had the option to limit their operational cost, in this manner, improving their gainfulness or the degree of potential creation that they could execute. By the day's end, Acme will have a relative favorable position over their rivals in the household and worldwide market since they could either drop down the costs of their vehicles to draw in more clients or offer motivations to steadfast clients just as further extend the activity of the business with the guide of the capital that the administration spared from the modest expenses of work in Mexico. In such manner, the activity of Acme in Mexico has been of extraordinary assistance for the organization to appreciate noteworthy development for as far back as long stretches of its activity in the market. Globalization made an incredible road for worldwide firms to get similar bit of leeway that later on benefits their customers and partners from a general perspective (The Globalization Website, 2001) But the central issue would be; did the organization think about the government assistance of their laborers in Mexico as far as pay and working hours? What about the advantages of the laborers, did they get any advantages from the administration? These are the issues that are at present being tossed over the administration of Acme. Is it accurate to say that they are valid? Let us discover. Top has a place with the supposed Maquiladora which implies Mexican modern plants that amassed brought parts into completed items for trade. Maquiladora has been known for manhandling their laborers through paying an extremely low compensation on the last also the extended periods of time that they need to work which is equal to 14 hours per day (Bacon, 2000). This sort of training as of now mishandles the human privileges of their laborers just as damages the Mexican work law for not permitting laborers to build up associations. With the said above issue, Acme has an alternate case for, regardless of whether they are one of the Maquiladora, they esteem the relationship of the administration and their laborers. Top don't permit the laborers to work 14 hours every day simply like some other normal individuals from Maquiladora do to their representatives so as to give route for the individuals who are working understudy and additionally to give abundant rest for their laborers. In addition, Acme pays their laborers right dependent on what is directed by the law just as dependent on the organization strategy which is additionally being executed to different parts of Acme around the world. Now, the administration of Acme guarantees to each constituent of the organization that they put premium on the government assistance of their laborers and representatives for they accept that the last isn't an apparatus of the organization in arriving at their objective, rather, an accomplice in at all times the objectives and targets of the administration. With respect to the development of trade guild, based from what I have seen from the given circumstance, it would be useful with respect to the administration to permit our laborers there in Mexico to set up a worker's organization so as to return their spirit and profitability. In the event that the administration won't think about this other option, at that point, there is an extraordinary chance that the profitability of the whole creation zone will altogether down. Besides, there is no space for the administration to get terrified of the arrangement of the said worker's guild since we are on the whole certain that we withstand on any administration approaches of our host nation just as we put an incentive on our relationship with our laborers. When the efficiency of our laborers improves, the unfavorable impact of the arrangement of the Mexican government with respect to the buying of most of our crude materials should originate from Mexican providers on our gainfulness level will be killed. With the guide of NAFTA, worldwide organizations like Acme could now choose the area of their creation zone dependent because of different business factors. This solitary discloses to us that NAFTA made it simpler for us to discover vital areas for creations that would give the organization upper hand over our rivals just as to satisfy the market need of our objective market. In the short run, operational expense of the organization will outperform the income level since the organization needs to put on fixed resource so as to build up an assembling plant in Mexico. Be that as it may, over the long haul, this venture of Acme in Mexico will clearly give them a road to build their business, gainfulness and piece of the overall industry. With the couple of long stretches of hands on perception in regards to the corrupting presentation of our laborers, I have understood that it would be adverse with respect to the organization to overlook the voices of the laborers and deny them of communicating what they feel in regards to the current approaches that the administration actualizes. Meeting midway would be the best answer for support again the assurance of the laborers just as their profitability. It would likewise be advantageous for the organization to give them the proposed wage rate to rouse them to try sincerely and have the sentiment of being part with the advancement of the organization. Through this, laborers and the administration itself will most likely have an amicable working relationship that later on adds to the achievement of objectives and goals of the organization. Now, let me worry that toward the day's end, the most secure and powerful method of having a beneficial, productive and compelling business activity is hear the voices of laborers and think about their government assistance in order to give them the message that the administration loves their laborers. References Associatedcontent. com (2007). Summit Automotives: The Objectives and Interest. Recovered January 28, 2008, from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/507171/acme_automotives_the_objectives_interests. html Bacon, D. (2000). The Story of a Maquiladora Worker. Recovered January 20, 2004, from http://detagreens. tripod. com/maquiladora. htm The Globalization Website (2001). Globalization Debates. Recovered January 7, 2004, from http://www. human science. emory. edu/globalization/discusses. html#cultural

Cohabitation essays

The Art of Frida Kahlo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Art of Frida Kahlo - Essay Example The exposition The Art of Frida Kahlo looks at Frida Kahlo and her specialty. Kahlo ably yet audaciously uncovers herself topless in this artistic creation, enclosed by a support and embellished with pins in her tissue. Kahlo gives specific consideration to the component of both her gentility and her physical torment in this piece. We see her exposed bosoms however increasingly evident is the way that she is loaded with pins all over her body. As a lady, Kahlo encountered the gravity of affection (the adoration for her life was Diego) yet additionally the selling out of that adoration. Her union with Rivera was violent as Rivera was unfaithful all through their relationship. Kahlo herself fiddled with extramarital connections just as promiscuity. Kahlo communicates this side of her in one specific piece where she dresses as a man. She challenges the doling out of sexual orientation jobs inside society. Kahlo likewise lets her work recount to a rich story itemizing her inward most sen timents and battles. This is especially obvious in the celebrated piece entitled The Two Frida’s. Kahlo can emerge the internal battle experienced by such a significant number of lady, making her a symbol in women's activist workmanship. In another piece by Kahlo, Tree of Hope, Kahlo is showing herself in a bright scene scenery. From the outset, Kahlo gives off an impression of being something of a goddess or eminence. This piece maybe illuminates a portion of her other work that may imply self-hatred or self saw lacks. In a lot of Kahlo’s work, she utilized herself as a point of convergence making it a valid and genuine articulation of herself.

The Ways in Which the Methods of the Suffragists and Suffragettes Were Different Essays

The Ways in Which the Methods of the Suffragists and Suffragettes Were Different Essays The Ways in Which the Methods of the Suffragists and Suffragettes Were Different Paper The Ways in Which the Methods of the Suffragists and Suffragettes Were Different Paper The National Union of Womens Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) battled for Womens rights utilizing quiet strategies. Its pioneer was Lydia Becker until she kicked the bucket in 1980. The administration at that point tumbled to Millicent Garrett Fawcett. The NUWSS was given the epithet Suffragists by the Daily mail. The Suffragists utilized, serene techniques to attempt to accomplish their objective of the decision in favor of Women. These strategies included: Petitions hugely marked petitions introduced to the parliament. The request in 1874 was the greatest of all Flyers/Posters handouts and banners were the most well known battle techniques for the Suffragists. They were made and dispersed among everybody and regularly demonstrated how seriously ladies were dealt with and afterward on how awful the Suffragettes techniques were. Tranquil Protests Lots of fights and walks were held all over England. Bunches of these regularly included Suffragette just as Suffragists yet ordinarily stayed tranquil. A walk in 1908 which experienced focal London and finished at the Royal Albert Hall comprised of more than thirteen thousand ladies. Composed Meetings these were held where conceivable and contained part of talks and chats on votes in favor of ladies and battling methods. The Suffragists primary thought was to crusade inside the law. This was done to show how normal these ladies were. They needed to tell the legislature and open that these ladies were truly good and could be completely trusted with the vote. They that their great conduct could intrigue the administration and that after a long, slow yet consistent battle they would at long last have the option to get the vote they needed. Crafted by the NUWSS proceeded all through the early long stretches of the twentieth century. A few ladies, nonetheless, got disappointed with serene strategies and felt that the best way to get votes in favor of ladies was by utilizing increasingly forceful techniques. These ladies framed the Womens Social and Political Union (WSPU, otherwise called the Suffragettes). The greater part of the Suffragists were not contradicted to the techniques for the Suffragettes however they essentially imagined that they would not work. The most significant figure in the formation of the WSPU was Dr Richard Prankhurst. He was a firm supporter of decisions in favor of Women and had remained as possibility for the Independent Labor Party in the 1895 general political race. He was vanquished however proceeded with his battle until he passed on. His significant other Emmeline Prankhurst then dominated. Her little girls Sylvia and Christabel additionally had an impact in battling for votes in favor of Women. The WSPU had initially been set up in Manchester, yet then in 1906 they settled on a significant choice, to move to London. It was a courageous choice as it would in all likelihood lead to more prominent costs. The WSPUs crusading strategies included: Bugging consistent asking of humiliating or unanswerable inquiries in any event, when the MP attempts to converse with others or changes the subject. The individual possibly quits asking when the MP has given a reasonable enough reaction. Disturbing Meetings boisterous and inconsiderate conduct during bringing in gatherings making it stop until the individual is evacuated. Affixing to rails just done specifically places, for example, outside 10 Downing Street, where they can get the most consideration. Stone Throwing embraced by Edith New which included utilizing weapons, for example, stone tossing. Craving Strikes Women would go on hunger strikes, mostly while in jail to get loads of consideration and to get what they need. These were strategies that would get the individual fined as well as tossed behind bars. This would get that individual a great deal of consideration and get the Suffragettes battle for womens rights into the open eye. Further battling would let it remain in the open eye. As time advanced the strategies utilized by Suffragettes turned out to be progressively rough. Stones were tossed at government windows and open, private property and works of art was likewise harmed. The administration didnt tune in to the Suffragettes which baffled them much all the more making them utilize considerably progressively savage strategies. As should be obvious here the technique for the Suffragists and Suffragettes were totally different. The Suffragists strategies were clearly substantially more quiet and honest. They realized that going on like this would take quite a while yet they were set up to pause. Then again, the Suffragettes couldn't pause and took on the more forceful and rough strategies which they thought would give them quick franchisement. Without the preparation of the Suffragists, the battle for Votes for Women would have been a lot more vulnerable. The Suffragists were an a lot greater gathering. From their title you can perceive any reason why. They were an association of various testimonial social orders over the UK. The Suffragists had countless individuals and by and large the gathering were open about what they did. Any significant occasions they would do or participate in would be known by the media and open. As this was the principle gathering of testimonial social orders they were exceptionally open minded of various techniques. They were likewise lenient of the vicious techniques for the WSPU until 1912. The WSPU lost the help of the NUWSS. They said that the WSPUs crusading was leaving hand and that their conduct was giving ladies a terrible notoriety, making it harder for them to get the vote. The Suffragettes were an a lot littler gathering. As a result of their vicious strategy this gathering consistently had a ton of exposure, keeping them in the publics eye. Almost the entirety of the strategies did by the Suffragettes, particularly the later one were unlawful. This implied the entirety of their arranging and gatherings must be done furtively, in contrast to the receptiveness of the Suffragists. This implied bunches over the UK would not realize what different gatherings would do. The activities of the Suffragettes were fundamentally the same as fear based oppressors. There was an autocracy among Emmeline and Chrystabel Prankhurst. Anything they advised the other to do, they needed to do. Emmelines other girl; Sylvia was kicked out of the Suffragettes as she helped the laborers in London to much. The Prankhursts had turned on their own family. The Suffragists were consistently expanding in help and developing. The gathering never veered off from their motivation, they never wandered, and they were consistently plan on getting the Vote for Women. Then again the Suffragettes began losing support and got delicate. There were consistently contentions inside the gathering about how far they had been and how far they were intending to go. As time went on, the despot administration developed in despise. Any scrutinizing about the exercises in the gathering would get you get kicked out, as did Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence and Elizabeth Robins. These are the distinctions where the two significant associations are run and lead and the distinction in which the exercises they embrace vary from each other.

Beauty Pageants And Self Esteem

â€Å"Lets Call Her ‘Miss America’!†(Nussbaum). Starting as ahead of schedule as the 1920s, excellence exhibitions introduced young ladies and young ladies wearing different clothing types and displaying their ability (Nussbaum). Judges, at that point and now, are searching for the â€Å"complete package†: the youngster that radiates the most certainty, magnificence, and information (Nussbaum). From that point forward, the kid excellence event business is one of the most well known in pomp and has developed into a â€Å"multi-billion dollar industry† that has prompted various reality†¦ The Dark Side of Beauty Pageants With their marvelousness, costly dresses, gems and, enormous phony grins, excellence event challengers are simply concealing their actual characters under materialistic things. Individuals may state that excellence expos aren’t constantly about looks. The challengers are scored on excellence, character, evening wear, athletic wear and over all view of the competitor. Magnificence hopeful ages go from 2 years of age to 60+ years old. The way that contenders lie about their beliefs†¦ the broadcast expos before an overall crowd. Consistently when the hour of the broadcast communicate comes, restriction emerges of the extraordinary custom of magnificence expos. Today, expo young ladies face individuals who recoil once they notice they contend in shows. Shows like Toddlers and Tiaras exacerbate it for exhibition young ladies, in light of the fact that the show makes pomp look immature and insignificant. The vast majority just observe the broadcast communicate and don't know about everything that goes on once the exhibition crowns a new†¦ Most Americans are ignorant that the principal magnificence event in America started in 1854, 66 years before ladies could even cast a ballot. From that point forward, magnificence exhibitions have been very negative to our general public from various perspectives, in spite of the fact that they may appear as though only sparkle and glitz. I accept that magnificence exhibitions are exploitive in light of the fact that they advance the possibility that ladies are simply bodies that can be evaluated on a scale from 1 to 10, which makes society accept ladies are just their appearance, it†¦ The Ugly behind Beauty Pageants Notorious entertainer and helpful Audrey Hepburn once stated, â€Å"The excellence of a lady isn't in a facial mode, yet the magnificence of a lady is reflected in her soul.† (â€Å"Audrey Hepburn Quotes†). These words remind young ladies that their self-esteem ought not originate from the counterfeit things, however from the quality and ethics within every youngster. Kid excellence shows intensely negate this thought, by persuading that physical flawlessness is similarly as, or progressively significant than†¦ Magnificence shows began quite a while prior, and throughout the years they have developed hugely. Today, the utilization of splash tans, bogus eyelashes, counterfeit teeth, layers of cosmetics, and over-sexed outfits are the standard of youngster shows. Right through the span of a couple of decades, the event world has changed from basic church dresses to costly captivating outfits. Most young ladies would savor at the idea of being dealt with like a princess, regardless of whether only for a couple of days out of the year; be that as it may, a few guardians take†¦ alone, 2.5 million females contend in Beauty Pageants consistently. (Solidify, Beauty) An excellence exhibition is an opposition that depends exclusively on physical properties yet additionally contains character, ability, and question and answer fragments. Excellence Pageants are seen by some as a way of boosting one’s confidence and making associations for competitors in order to advance their vocations, through notoriety and advancements. (OccupyTheory) Many likewise state that through expos one can learn open talking, interview†¦ participants, typically ladies, are decided as to physical excellence and now and then character and ability, with the victors granted prizes of titles.’ The meaning of a delight challenge generalizes ladies. Events just shows the excellence of somebody. In some cases indicating ability, which includes singing, moving, or stick whirling. In events, ladies show ‘girly’ abilities to cause themselves to appear to be more engaging than their opposition . Excellence isn't all that matters, magnificence events and challenges shows young ladies that the only†¦ the delineation of excellence in energized Disney princess movies and measure the results that the depiction of magnificence has on youthful girl’s singular confidence levels. The theory of this investigation, expresses that little youngsters who worship the magnificence norms of Disney princesses will have lower confidence levels than little youngsters who don't adore Disney princesses standard of excellence. I expected that little youngsters who want to impersonate Disney princesses would have lower confidence levels because†¦ broadcast events before an overall crowd. Consistently when the hour of the broadcast communicate comes, resistance emerges of the convention of excellence shows. Today, exhibition young ladies face individuals who flinch once they notice they contend in shows. Shows, for example, Toddlers and Tiaras exacerbate the circumstance for exhibition young ladies; the show causes display to seem silly and trivial. A great many people just observer the broadcast communicate and don't know about everything that goes on once the event crowns a new†¦

Class Crossover

Class Crossover During the first week of IAP, I took a class known as ESD.054 â€" Engineering Leadership. It’s a short class required by the GEL program, and basically a crash course in being a leader in the engineering workplace over a period of five 8 hour days. Now I could talk about my reflections on the week, but I think what I learned can be best illustrated by what I saw happen in The Tech in the few days before our most recent issue went to print. First I’m going to frame the situation. Let’s start here: Last Sunday night (the 13th), in an apparent reaction to the suicide of internet activist Aaron Swartz, the hacker group Anonymous allegedly attacked the MIT network, leaving everyone on the network (including myself) limited to accessing sites on the network and those on the outside unable to access the MIT network. Basically, if you had a smart phone on 3G, you couldn’t get to any sites that ended with .mit.edu whereas if you were on your laptop trying to use the MIT network, you couldn’t get to any sites that didn’t end in .mit.edu, except for Google and a few random others. Late on the previous Friday night, my friend and incoming editor-in-chief Anne broke the story on the internet, meaning The Tech was the first official news source with the information out there! Subsequent articles and blogs on the topic from various sources proceeded to cover the front page of Hacker News and cause my inbox to fill with conversation going back and forth over The Tech’s various mailing lists about how we plan on covering this story. How does this stuff relate at all to what happened last week? You could divide the 5 days of the engineering leadership class into distinct themes: Forming a team, conceiving an idea, designing the project, implementing your design ideas, and then scaling that implementation up into a final product. Let’s look at the events of the past 4 days: Forming a Team The de facto leader, our acting editor-in-chief (EIC) broke the story. We then built the rest of the team out of people who were educated about the topic (i.e. our outgoing executive editor, who has actually been invited to speak on the radio about the topic), and people who had time to give. Conceive the Idea Rather than come up with the idea itself, we had to determine how we were going to cover the story. We synthesized all the information we had, determined what information we wanted to get, and what questions we were going to ask in order to get them. Along with that, we made decisions about what angles we were going to take and how we wanted the end product to look. Design Given the time pressure that we had to produce the final product (the print version of the story and associated web updates); we produced a design in the form of a GoogleDoc while we were in the process of determining our ideas on how to cover the situation. We assigned specific tasks to each member of the team and set out to… Implement the Design We each set out to do our specific reporting! For me, that involved sending emails to various people and attempting to attend a memorial service held in the Media Lab (by attempted, I mean I got there and couldn’t find it, go figure. While the internet response to this event was large, in person meetings had already proven themselves to be sparsely attended, so this was not a surprise to me). Scale up to a finished product http://tech.mit.edu/V132/N62/swartz.html :) During the class we also went over something that Deborah Ancona and her co-authors describe as the four key capabilities of leadership. Even though I wasn’t the leader of this effort to put the story out, we all had to invoke these traits in some way because we were working independently. The terms are fairly self-explanatory, so I won’t go through the definitions. The traits are: Sensemaking We had to all get an understanding of the situation at hand. Once we had a collective idea, we then took the parts that we were assigned and delved into it more, figuring out what questions to ask so we could get more information. Relating Especially in a situation like this, relating to our sources and making sure they are comfortable is important. Whenever we interview somebody for a news story, we have to look at the entire situation, including the circumstances that are surrounding the interview and how they feel about it, and adjust our interactions with them accordingly. Then of course, we take that information back to the team and present it in a full and complete manner. Visioning Figuring out what questions we were going to ask depended heavily on our vision of what the story was going to cover. I did not write the finished story, but my colleagues that did had to have a vision of the structure of the finished story given the information we got. This way, we could effectively impart the necessary information on our readers. Invention Invention in this sense does not mean inventing the content of the story. Rather, it refers to creating the process that makes the vision of the project (in this case the final composite story) a reality. Here, a lot of this falls under designing the project, which I already explained above: our EIC led the effort by splitting up the components of the project, getting the information back, and then collaborating with the Executive Editor-elect by sharing a GoogleDoc between them and simultaneously writing different parts of the story. Now if you read all of that, you may be thinking: ok…cool…so what? Let’s spin it like this: I took a week long course on how to be a leader in engineering, extracted parts out of that and applied it to how the newspaper put out a story, something that most people don’t consider to be engineering at all. But I could still apply the stuff I learned in the class couldn’t I? In fact, I go through a similar thought process when Im the point person for writing each of my stories. That’s the beauty of many classes at MIT â€" even if you’re taking two classes that are completely unrelated to each other, you might find that one class teaches you how to think in such a way that helps you in that other class. GEL is no exception to this rule. MIT and GEL don’t just teach you the stuff out of the book about science, engineering and leadership; they teach you how to think. In my opinion, learning how to look at things through different lenses so you can effectively arrive at a conclusion is one of the best skills you can have. In what might be a cliché statement: Each class you take adds something to your toolbox of skills. If you can recognize the moments that call for the specific skills and see when other people use them, you can get a better idea of when and how to use them for yourself. Of course, the more you use your skills of any type, the better you get.

The history of electric shock therapy - 550 Words

The history of electric shock therapy (Essay Sample) Content: History of Electric Shock Therapy Name Institution Introduction Electric shock therapy which is also known as Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most controversial treatment of psychiatric conditions today. Its critiques argue that ECT is used as a coercive tool in psychiatry. They argue that it leads to memory loss and brain damage. The advocates on the other hand say that ECT is the most effective and life saving psychiatric treatment today (Rollin, 2010). They actually consider ECT the penicillin of psychiatry due its ability to cure several mental illnesses. The paper seeks to provide a historical perspective of ECT which will also provide light on its use as treatment for psychiatric conditions. Historical Background The term electric shock therapy comes from the use of electric current for treatment. Though, the first treatment by ECT was not actually done by electric current but rather by the use of chemicals. The very first use of ECT was in 1930s where researchers injected chemicals in people with mental disorders. The chemicals were used to induce seizures, but they were later replaced by the now common practice use of electric currents. The idea ECT was born from the practice of physical therapies, which acted on the brain as the center of mental illness. The whole concept of physical therapies was to shock the brain so that it would get itself out the mental illness by the aid of the physical stimulus. Contrary to the understanding of many, ECT does not cause shock. Rather the patients experience unconsciousness from the dose of electric current or chemicals induced Ladislas Meduna is actually credited as the pioneer of ECT. He used the chemical leptazol a convulsion to induce shocks to his patients. His experiments were short lived because his patients experienced terrifying moments during the pre-convulsive period. Another known figure during the early years of ECT is Manfred Sakel who introduced the use of insulin as a chemical to induce shock in the treatment of schizophrenia. Sakel believed that the increased level of adrenaline was the cause of mental illness. He used insulin as a biological antagonism yo adrenalin. In 1937, Ugo Cerletti began experimenting with the use of electric shock to treat schizophrenia. He felt that the use of chemical induced convulsions such as Metrazol and insulin were far too much dangerous and difficult to control. The idea of use electric shock came into his mind after seeing the use of electric shock on pigs to act as anesthesia before they were slaughtered. After experiments with dogs and other animals Ugo and his two colleagues Lucio Bini and Kalinowski began to develop apparatus that could deliver electric shock to human beings. Ugo first used electro shocks on patients with acute onset schizophrenia. He gave the patients 10 to 20 ECT shocks on alternate and was able recommend tremendous improvement on their condition (Lothar and Foster, 1943). After their success in 1939, Kalinowski began to travel across Europe and United States advertising the use of ECT. When ECT began to be used in those early years, it was administered without muscle relaxants or anesthesia. The therapy was administered in early morning on an empty stomach. The patient was fully awake so a tongue depressor was placed in one side of the mouth between the upper and lower molar when treatment was given. The elec...

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Spread Of Islam Worldwide Architecture Essay - 1861 Words

Spread of Islam: Worldwide Architecture Spain, Persia, Africa, and India Muamera Dzaferovic, Tyler Budach, Kyle Maser HIST 1141-90 ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL WORLD HISTORY OCTOBER 20, 2016 When it comes to Islam and the religion as a whole, many see all of the â€Å"negatives† that come out of it. Little do they know that it was the Muslims who came up with one of the first hospitals, surgical innovations, philosophy, astronomy, geography and many more. One particular thing that they were most famous for was their architecture. From their vibrant colored tiles in Morocco, to the grand mosque in Cordoba for its columns, to the hypostyles in ancient Persia, and finally to the Taj Mahal of Agra in India, Before we start with the architectural designs, we need to start from the beginning. Islam spread worldwide after the Prophet Muhammad S.A.W.S. died in 632 C.E. The Caliph that took over after the Messenger Muhammad p.b.u.h,. was Abu Bakr, who was a great companion and father-in-law to the Prophet. He spread the knowledge of Islam into other countries by using one of many concepts, and that was jihad. Jihad was used by Muslims because they were obliged to sprea d the concept and the truth of Islam to knowledge seekers and nonbelievers likewise. The concept of jihad meant that Muslims can defend themselves if ever attacked by nonbelievers, this is what the interpretation of the Qur’an permitted to thoseShow MoreRelatedIslam In Russia976 Words   |  4 PagesIslam throughout Russian and spanish history For hundreds of years, Russia has been one of the most diverse countries of the western world, where Christians and Muslims have lived peacefully side by side. Unlike other western countries where Muslims are minorities, Muslims in Russia are more than 15% of the Russian population. 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Preconceived stereotypical ideas of Arabic cultures can be attributed to the misunderstandings of the Islam religion and the impact of colonization. Islam is one of the largest religions, yet very misunderstood. The peaceful religion is often feared in the West and in the United States because of the wayRead MoreInfluence Of Hinduism On Indian Architecture1852 Words   |  8 Pages Columbia College Influence of Hinduism in Indian Architecture Bishal Shrestha HIST 111 Professor Melody Studebaker Tuesday, September 13 Architecture about the religion for the most part concerns the Temple. Each religion has a temple or something to that affects, however, is named differently. Islam calls it a mosque, Christianity calls it a church, Buddhism calls it a stupa, Hinduism calls it a mandir. Temples have an incredible significance

The Effects Of Diabetes On The Body s Immune System

Abstract Diabetes is a disorder that affects millions of people in the United States today. There are two main types of diabetes including type 1, and type 2. Diabetes is caused by the body’s inability to produce insulin from beta cells. Beta cells are cells that can be found in the pancreas and regulate glucose levels. When glucose levels spike, beta cells are sometimes unable to continue producing adequate amounts of glucose and are destroyed in the process. In diabetics, the body’s immune system attacks the beta cells believing that they are foreign matter. When beta cells are destroyed, no insulin can be produced and can result in many symptoms including fatigue. Although this is an increasing problem today due to the increased levels of obesity, scientists have found a possible cure. This possible cure requires the injection of human embryotic stem cells in hopes that the cells can replicate and replenish the destroyed beta cells. Literature Review Beta cells are cells that are found in the islets of Langerhans. The islets of Langerhans are clustered areas in the pancreas containing hormone producing cells. These cells make up about sixty to eighty percent of all cells found in these islets. They regulate blood glucose levels in the body by the processes of producing, storing, and releasing insulin (Cnop, M. et al, 2005). The production of insulin in beta cells is an important process in the body. Insulin is a small protein created in order to correctly foldShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Diabetes Mellitus On The Body And Its Functioning1020 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes Age, percentages brief explanation symptoms Risk and environmental factors, different types rate per†¦. graphs and tables explain the figures, reasons for increases and decreases Diabetes mellitus is an inherited and/or acquired endocrine metabolic disease distinguished by high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) which occurs as a result of insufficient insulin levels and/or resistance to its actions in the body. It is diagnosed by determining the fasting or random blood-glucose concentrationRead MoreEssay on Diabetes888 Words   |  4 Pages Diabetes nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Diabetes is a chronic condition in which the body produces too little insulin (Type One Diabetes) or can’t use available insulin efficiently ( Type Two Diabetes). Insulin is a hormone vital to helping the body use digested food for growth and energy. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, about 17 million Americans have diabetes and every year about 1 million more age 20 or older areRead MoreDiabetes : A Disease That Occurs Because Of Insufficient Insulin Production1308 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes is a disease that occurs because of insufficient insulin production. This results in high blood glucose levels. Diabetes mellitus is the scientific name of diabetes, while the common name is diabetes. There are two types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2. Diabetes were identified 3,500 years ago in Egypt. Thomas Willis, an English epidemiologist, was the first modern western physician to discover that the urine of diabetes tasted sweet. Michel Eugene Chevreul, a French chemist, discoveredRead MoreHow Does Homeostasis Affect Homeostasis1413 Words   |  6 Pages Affects on Homeostasis When biological systems tend to maintain stability while adjusting to conditions that are optimal for survival is Homeostasis. Homeostasis is kept in order by dynamic equilibrium, in which changes occur, but resists outside forces of change. However when a system is disturbed, feedback mechanisms control take action to reestablish a new balance. Homeostasis is important because by maintaining homeostasis, organisms remain healthy, strong and stable, with protection fromRead MoreThe Effects Of Uncontrolled Diabetes in the Heart Kidneys964 Words   |  4 PagesUncontrolled diabetes can affect nearly every organ of the body; of which, heart disease and kidney failure are most commonly impacted. Known as diabetes mellitus, a collective term for various blood abnormalities, the term diabetes refers to either a scarcity of insulin in the body or the body’s inability to accept insulin. Though the symptoms of diabetes are manageable, many are unaware as to having it. According to t he CDC report â€Å"2011 Diabetes Fact Sheet,† approximately 6 million people in theRead MoreVaccines And Its Effects On Children s Immune System790 Words   |  4 Pages While it may be true that Vaccines cause harm to the body, it doesn’t change the fact that kids need to have them in order to go to school. A common argument against this is, â€Å"my kid doesn’t need any vaccines, but all children need some†. It is easy to think,† oh my kid needs all these shots so he doesn’t get a disease.† However, while some people might disagree with a child needing all of he/she vaccines, it is important to focus on if your child is exposed to a weakened version of the diseaseRead MoreDiabetes : Diabetes And Type Two Diabetes1688 Words   |  7 Pagesinto two main types, type one diabetes and type two diabetes. Type one diabetes is an autoimmune disease, meaning a disease in which the body s immune system attacks healthy cells, that causes the insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas to be destroyed. The immune system, by mistake, attacks its own insulin-producing cells so that insufficient amounts of insulin are p roduced or no insulin at all. Type one diabetes is also referred to as insulin dependent diabetes because people diagnosed withRead MoreThe Effects Of Diabetes On Human Body1168 Words   |  5 PagesReflecting on the history of diabetes throughout the 20th century, one can note that the number of people with diabetes is a minority, at least in the United States. Notwithstanding that the diabetic compose only about 10% of the United States population, â€Å"Diabetes is the third leading of death in the United States. According to †¦ If it were included, it might as well be the leading cause of death in the United States. Recent reports [reports made in 2007] predict that 95 percent of people born todayRead MoreThe Eradication Of Beta Cells And Production Of Type 1 Diabetes1402 Words   |  6 Pagesthis assignment is to review the available information on diabetes type I, directing attention to the participation of the immune system in the eradication of beta cells and the pro duction of type 1 diabetes. The eradication of beta cells will be explored with regards to the administration of insulin within the blood stream. The second question to be reviewed is the severe influence of blood glucose administration. The correlation of diabetes with regards to mood alterations, hyperglycaemia and unsubstantiatedRead MoreCommunication Systems : Where Lies The Power Of Communication?1096 Words   |  5 Pages Communication Systems Where lies the power in communication? Issues Investigation - ‘Our Chemical Lives’ REPLACE THIS IMAGE Insert an image here of a chemical or atomic structure to reflect your topic. MORONIC ACID by Learning Studies Teacher: Total Word Count: (max 750!) Task Sheet SACE Rubric NonSACE Rubric FAQ Companion document SLASA Introduction Ethanol, also commonly called alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol is the principal type of alcohol found in alcoholic

The Alternate Ending to the Monkeys Paw Free Essays

The monkeys paw The old delusional lady snatched the paw away from his grasp, mumbling excitedly to herself she held the paw tight and said fiercely ‘I wish my son alive again. ’ She frequently repeated it over and over until it became a jumbled chant; when suddenly a slow but insistent knock rang through the desolate house. Mrs White leapt up at the first sluggish rap, ‘My boy, my boy is finally here! ’ she cried repeatedly fixing her dishevelled hair combing her hands through the straggle and fixing an almost hysterical smile upon her withered face ‘Oh do come meet our boy darling, I forgot that the cemetery is two miles from here†¦ and her chatter continued to herself, making imaginary plans, hauling on her best gloves and fur lined coat, she strode down the stairs with an air of excitement and bliss. We will write a custom essay sample on The Alternate Ending to the Monkeys Paw or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mr White stood at the space where his wife had been standing, and absent minded picked up the withered paw that had been discarded onto the floor, he gasped and remembered the face in the fire that he had seen on the night the major had been to visit him, the day that he had greedily wished for two hundred pounds; and unfortunately got it. Coming back to his senses he rushed down the stairs after his wife to find her struggling with the large ebony bolt secrured firmly in place. ‘Help me with the bolt; it’s too heavy. ’ She said. Instead of helping the old woman, he tried tug her away from the vast bolt but she nudged me with such power that Mr White was hurled to the other side of the parler, causing him to knock his head on the mantle piece and observe his abberant wife throw open the door,turn pale with shock and recoil in disgust and trying to close the door on the hidious monster that was once their son but was thrown against the wall as the monster barged in. The old man’s vision grew dark and he slipped away to unconsciousness. When Mr White awoke he sat up stiffly and stood up slowly, walking towards the now severed door, and bent down and picked up a delicate glove it was almost unidentifiable; he dropped the glove in disgust and walked over to what once was the parlour, Mr White sat down in his large mahogany chair and began to silently weep, clutching the wretched paw in his wrinkled hand and wished his third wish ‘I wish I was dead. ’ And with that he fell into a deep eternal sleep that someday we must all face. How to cite The Alternate Ending to the Monkeys Paw, Papers

Good vs. Evil Young Goodman Brown free essay sample

Symbolism is shown through many ways in different stories. It is mainly shown through the main theme as well as the smaller themes that are throughout the story. Symbolism is shown through many different parts of this story as well as through each character in unique ways. In the short story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† by Nathanial Hawthorn, a story is told about a man named Goodman Brown, who is put through the difficulty of dealing with a similar struggle one night. The characters in, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† take part in a very important meaning behind the stories symbolism. The protagonist of the story, Goodman Brown, his name has a very obvious meaning. When taken apart, it is split into two pieces of â€Å"good man,† and brings the thoughts of this character being a very responsible character throughout this story. Goodman’s wife, Faith, has another symbolic name, relating to religious beliefs, not only for herself, but for Goodman as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Good vs. Evil Young Goodman Brown or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A part in the story, Goodman stated, â€Å"Faith kept me back a while† (Hawthorne). This could be taken as his wife held him back, or the religious belief part held him back. Symbolism being shown through these two characters names shows more than just two characters as themselves, it shows how the story can be looked at in more depth and understood behind a different meaning. This story takes place in a dark forest in Salem, Massachusetts. Forests are used to symbolize evil and danger, or even the darkness of the forest may symbolize danger. When Goodman is walking through the forest he soon says to himself, â€Å"There may be a devilish Indian behind every tree†¦What if the devil himself should be at my very elbow! † (Hawthorne). Taking the walk deeper into the forest, Goodman soon experiences more things that relate with evil and danger, and the further he goes into the forest, the darker the atmosphere gets. This can add that the deeper the goes into the forest, the closer he gets to the Devil and the deeper he goes towards evil. When he is soon alone, he then claims he hears voices, and he has now lost his wife. Not only has he lost his wife, but also he had found the pink ribbon, which concluded he had also shattered his beliefs. Everything was gone from him; all of the good was taken out of him and replaced with evil. Goodman also ends up meeting the man who turns out to be the devil in this forest, and that also adds onto the symbolism of the forest referring to danger and evil. The main theme throughout this story is clearly stated as good vs. evil and is shown through many options of symbolism. Young Goodman Brown and his wife state the symbolism behind their names is being the portion of good while the forest that Goodman travels in alone, the darkness of the scenery, the devil that he meets inside are parts of the portion of evil. Everyone struggles with good and evil in many different ways. Shown in this story, Nathanial Hawthorne was trying to point out that each person who faces a battle between good vs. evil, it is much easier to stray away from the good then it is to stay away from evil. Nathanial Hawthorne shows irony throughout this story as well, and concludes with Goodman facing different battles that wipe out the good inside of him and change everything over to evil.

The Three Key Components of Any Viral Content

By: Eric Hoppe, Ecommerce Manager In the world of content marketing, â€Å"going viral† is often considered the holy grail of success.If your brand ever had a post catch fire on social media, you know the thrill of watching your social KPI soar. But once the excitement subsides and engagement slows down, you’re left with a nagging question: how can you get this to happen again?Don’t chalk up a viral victory to sheer luck. Rather, understanding the nature of viral content and employing a bit of strategy can go a long way towards boosting your odds of success. What is â€Å"Viral Content†? Before digging into the elements of good viral content, we need to take a step back and think about the concept of virality in general.Oxford University Press tells us that virality is â€Å"the tendency of an image, video, or piece of information to be circulated rapidly and widely from one Internet user to another.† When something goes viral, the process usually kicks off with the item being shared across various social platforms. It might get shared to mediums such as Tumblr and Reddit, and it may inspire parodies, offshoots or copies.With the level of exposure available, it’s no surprise that many brands have embraced the idea of â€Å"viral marketing† as a fast and powerful way to gain visibility and spread a message. But Avoid This Mistake One of the most common mistakes in viral marketing is the creation of content with the sole intent of having it go viral. Instead Do This†¦ Instead of focusing exclusively on shareability, think about your target audience and try to craft content that really speaks to this group and reaches them on an almost visceral level. While you can’t necessarily guarantee that your content will become a viral sensation, certain traits seem to pop up again and again in content that spreads like wildfire. One research study conducted at the University of Pennsylvania uncovered five basic characteristics of successful viral content. They are: Surprising Interesting Intense Positive Actionable On the surface, a couple of these traits may seem obvious; the fact that a â€Å"surprising† story is more likely to be shared shouldn’t be much of a surprise.However, three other findings from the study provided more insights: Content that produced intense emotions, such as fear, anger and particularly awe, was found to have far more shareability than content that evoked sadness or other less-potent emotions. While intense emotions in general boosted the shareability of content, positive emotions were found to have a far greater impact than negative ones. Actionable content that teaches something useful or practical also had better chances of being shared. What It All Means for You It’s clear that â€Å"going viral† isn’t exclusive to grumpy cats and minion memes.Virality isn’t an exact science, but brands can harness its power to get noticed in a big way. When you craft content that inspires awe, evokes strong, positive emotions or teaches readers something useful, you’re more likely to achieve the viral buzz you crave.But above all else, make sure your content is something your viewers actually want to read.

Quick Facts About the Element Uranium

Quick Facts About the Element Uranium You probably know uranium is an element and that its radioactive. Here are some other uranium facts for you. You can find detailed information about uranium by visiting the uranium facts page. 11 Uranium Facts Pure uranium is a silvery-white metal.The atomic number of uranium is 92, meaning uranium atoms have 92 protons and usually 92 electrons. The isotope of uranium depends on how many neutrons it has.Because uranium is radioactive and always decaying, radium is always found with uranium ores.Uranium is slightly paramagnetic.Uranium is named after the planet Uranus.Uranium is used to fuel nuclear power plants and in high-density penetrating ammunition. A single kilogram of uranium-235 theoretically could produce ~80 terajoules of energy, which is equivalent to the energy that could be produced by 3000 tons of coal.Natural uranium ore has been known to fission spontaneously. The Oklo Fossil Reactors of Gabon, West Africa, contain 15 ancient inactive natural nuclear fission reactors. The natural ore fissioned back at a prehistoric time when 3% of the natural uranium existed as uranium-235, which was a high enough percentage to support a sustained nuclear fission chain reaction.The density of uranium is about 70% higher than lead, but less than that of gold or tungsten, even though uranium has the second-highest atomic weight of the naturally occurring elements (second to plutonium-244). Uranium usually has a valence of either 4 or 6.Health effects of uranium typically are not related to the elements radioactivity, since the alpha particles emitted by uranium cannot even penetrate the skin. Rather, the health impact is related to the toxicity of uranium and its compounds. Ingestion of hexavalent uranium compounds can cause birth defects and immune system damage.Finely divided uranium powder is pyrophoric, meaning it will ignite spontaneously at room temperature.

5 Compound-Word Corrections

5 Compound-Word Corrections 5 Compound-Word Corrections 5 Compound-Word Corrections By Mark Nichol Writers sometimes confuse a two-word phrase for a closed compound noun consisting of those two words, or vice versa. Here are five cases in which a noun phrase or a verb phrase was mistaken for a compound word or the other way around. 1. â€Å"Eating McDonald’s food everyday for four weeks turned this filmmaker into a bloated, depressed wreck.† Everyday is an adjective (â€Å"It’s not an everyday occurrence†). â€Å"Every day† is a phrase consisting of an adjective and a noun (â€Å"That’s not something you see every day†). In this sentence, the usage is adjective-plus-noun: â€Å"Eating McDonald’s food every day for four weeks turned this filmmaker into a bloated, depressed wreck.† 2. â€Å"Seen as both godsend and a major let down, it remains the city’s artistic center.† â€Å"Let down,† consisting of a verb and an adverb, is employed in such sentences as â€Å"He was let down.† As a closed compound, it’s a noun: â€Å"That’s a real letdown.† In this sentence, it should be in noun form: â€Å"Seen as both godsend and a major letdown, it remains the city’s artistic center.† 3. â€Å"Resistance from the state legislature could doom the governor-elect’s promise to rollback the hike.† A rollback is a thing (â€Å"The rollback proposal failed in committee†); to roll back is to perform an action (â€Å"The state will roll back the price hike†). This sentence refers to an action, not a thing, so the compound must be changed to a verb phrase: â€Å"Resistance from the state legislature could doom the governor-elect’s promise to roll back the hike.† 4. â€Å"California gave a record $100 million loan to bailout schools.† As in the previous example, what is in context an action is styled as a noun. The sentence should read, â€Å"California gave a record $100 million loan to bail out schools.† Better yet, close the sentence with the preposition: â€Å"California gave a record $100 million loan to bail schools out.† 5. â€Å"International organizations continue their pull out as rebels attack a train.† If the sentence read that the organizations continued to pull out, the two-word verb phrase would be correct. But pulling out is an action, so it’s a pullout: â€Å"International organizations continue their pullout as rebels attack a train.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Exquisite AdjectivesCapitalization Rules for Names of Historical Periods and MovementsAdvance vs. Advanced

Article response paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Response paper - Article Example According to Philip, men experience varied struggles through a patriarchal approach system that mandates their gender identity thus engage in violent acts against women. In the end, Voice Male proves the possibility of using a system that promotes the consumption of popular culture to its advantage. 2. Comments and deep discussion of the article with clear indication to outside sources peer reviewed articles, According to Philip’s article, he indicates that men’s violence against women is majorly due to patriarchal systems, which exhibit cultural circumstances promoting violence against women (Philips, n.d). For instance, from ancient times, men in the society were not to show any signs of vulnerability because one would have faced severe punishment. His study concurs with that of Feder, Levant, & Dean’s whose findings Just like philip’s allege traditional masculine aspects of men estranges and isolates them from their genuine inner self as well as having cordial relations to others (Feder, Levant, & Dean, 2010). To them, this theory increases chances of men engaging in violent acts against women in the society. ... However, based on Brent and Eric’s study, men’s violence against diverse parties like children, women and their peers mainly emanates from their aggressive response towards stress or provocation (Brent &Eric, 2006). They claim men are prone to react violently towards stress factors like threat delusions unlike women who approach such issues in a peaceful manner. Their study also supports Philip’s point of view because they also put out men as prone to violence beings. I concur with these studies since I believe men in the society conform to norms that place them over women. Society advocates men should not confess any sort of weakness to the female gender thus making them react violently to women in their quest to prove their masculinity. I also believe it is an act of nature among men to react violently from the slightest provocation directed towards them. Therefore, I believe the only way to help men refrain from violent acts is via making them understand the r easons behind their violent deeds’ 3. Outstandingly concise excerpts taking from the article By positioning men’s violence against women bas a culturally supported act created through large systems of power and oppression, we can begin to see the fallacy in addressing violence solely on a case-by-case basis. The excerpt shows if we should succeed in eradicating the vice of gender violence against women in the society, then the starting point is by addressing forces compelling certain acts. Therefore, this excerpt offers a strong basis of addressing the menace whereby it is fundamental for necessary stakeholders to follow it while addressing the vice (Philips, 261). Here I would note that men who have been socialized in

Jackson Pollock Exhibition New York Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Jackson Pollock Exhibition New York - Essay Example The paper "Jackson Pollock Exhibition New York" focuses on the artworks of Jackson Pollock. The art was first exhibited, in Sidney Janis Gallery, during Pollock’s solo exhibition, in November of 1952. The date of the painting has been mistaken frequently being given as 1953. The creation of the blue poles attracted much attention. creation of the blue poles attracted much attention. The artist has made painting over other existing paintings, and the other paints were just covered up. It seems Pollock began painting canvases that were spread on the floor. The un-stretched canvas was then stretched on the wall, after the first layer of paint was dry, by tacking it along the top edge to a beam, which stretched across the wall where more paint was added. The canvas was then left unattended to, for a period. The blue paint that run through the thick ridges of the existing paint layers was visible after the second painting is done. This is an indication that they were quite dry by t hat time. Pollock was the first painter to pour paint rather that use brushes and palette. â€Å"Action† is the only image Pollock painted. This image, however, seemed inadequate for his creative process. This is in relation to his earlier works. Lavender Mist is three meters long (nearly 10 ft). It is also a massive expanse on a heroic scale. It is decorated with colored scribble, spattered lines that cross its entire surface but now thickening, and trailing off to a slender skein. Its eye is constantly eager.

Marketing Plan Of Coca Cola Company Marketing Essay

Marketing Plan Of Coca Cola Company Marketing Essay Introduction: Coca Colas path to nearly universal recognition as a consumer product began by means of a peddler of patent medicines in Atlanta, Georgia in the year 1886. This individual one John Stith Pemberton had an ingenious idea. Why sell 75 pennies or Pound medicine bottles? This was a marketing strategy limited to the sick. Why not sell a single serving for a nickel? In the Deep South of the U.S. everyone might afford 5 ¢ for a cold invigorating soft drink. The nickel Coke was born. At the time, no one might have predicted that it would be almost 1960 before the nickel Coke was finally gone. (Allen, 1994) Today, if one scans the economic literature on price rigidity, he/she will find documented cases on how a number of prices seem to be sticky for significant periods of time. For example, Bergen, 2002 examines data on magazine prices plus finds that their prices transform regarding every 3-6 years. Using the Bergen, 2002 transaction price data, Bergen, 2002 finds that, It is not unusual in a number of industries for prices to individual buyers to remain untransformed for several years Bergen, 2002 studies catalogue prices of 12 retail goods over a 35-year period plus reports that the average time flanked by price transforms is regarding fifteen months. Blinder, et al. (1998), presenting detailed survey evidence as of U.S. firms, concludes that the average lag of price adjustments following supply or demand transforms is 3 months. Bergen, 2002 studies apartment rental prices in the U.S. using the Annual Housing Survey data, plus finds that over the period of 1974-1981, flanked by 23 as well as 34 percent of the apartments had no transform in nominal rent as of one year to the next. The study by Bergen, 2002 examines the frequency of price transforms for 350 categories of goods as well as services covering regarding 70% of consumer spending in addition to documents frequent prices transforms, by means of half of prices lasting less than 4.3 months. (Bergen, 2002) On the other hand, the price of a serving of Coca-Cola did not adjust to supply or demand transforms for over 60 years, plus the nickel Coke did not entirely disappear as of U.S. markets until 1959 Over 70 years! The contrast is of an order of magnitude to say the least! Our goal in this paper is to study this unusual episode of price rigidity in detail as well as try to explain it. Understanding what appears to be one of the most long-lasting nominal price rigidity phenomena of the 20th century is valuable for several reasons. First, the Coca-Cola Business is one of the most successful in addition to documented producers of a consumer good in the world. Second, over most of the time period covered in this study, the soft drink industry was a non-negligible part of the U.S. economy. For example, as of 1945, the bottled non-alcoholic carbonated beverage industry had a nominal production value of  £579 million, or 0.26 percent of the  £222 billion Nominal GDP.4 The Coca-Cola Busine ss had a 50 percent plus market share of the industry, making its contribution alone economically significant, regarding 0.13 percent of the GDP. (Zbaracki, 2002) Marketing Strategy: Coca Colas spends loads on advertising however; the theme should be how to use it more effectively so the advertising program is simple.   Coca Colas should do direct mail, banner ads, and inserts, by means of inserts in the Register Guard likely to be the most successful of the campaigns.   Mission Coca Colas mission is to provide the customer the finest drinks as well as dining experience.   We exist to attract and maintain customers.   When we adhere to this maxim, everything else should fall into place.   The services should exceed the expectations of the customers.   Marketing Objectives Maintain positive, steady, growth each month. Generate maximum sales target each month. Experience an increase in novel customers who are turned into long-term customers. Realize a growth strategy of one store per year. Financial Objectives A double-digit growth rate for each future year. Reduce the overhead per store through disciplined growth. Continue to decrease the variable costs associated by means of food production. Target Marketing The souk can be segmented into two target populations: Individuals: sportsmen Families: during dinners as a popular fizzy drink, ceremonies and other family functions. Combining several key demographic factors, Coca Colas arrives at a profile of the primary customer as follows: Sophisticated markets all over the globe. Meant for all ages. All stores and supermarkets to keep the Coca Cola products on their shelves. Positioning Coca Colas should position itself as a reasonably priced, upscale, drink.   Consumers who appreciate high-quality fizzy drinks should recognize the value and unique offerings of Coca Colas drinks and its different promotions.   Coca Cola positioning should leverage their competitive edge: Product. The product should have the freshest ingredients including fizzy drinks, and might be smoothies and shakes can also be introduced.   The product should in addition be developed to enhance presentation, everything should be aesthetically pleasing. Service. Customer service should be the priority.   All employees should ensure that the customers are having the most pleasant delivery experience (by customer it is meant to mention the retailers and wholesalers).   All employees should go through an extensive training program and only experienced people should be hired. By offering a superior product, coupled by means of superior service, Coca Colas should excel relative to the competition. Strategy Pyramids The single objective is to position Coca Colas as the premier drinks , OR area, commanding a majority of the souk share inside five years.   The marketing strategy should seek to first create customer awareness regarding their services offered, develop that customer base, plus work toward building customer loyalty and referrals. The message that Coca Colas should seek to communicate is that Coca Colas offers the freshest, most creative, health conscious, reasonably priced, drinks.   This message should be communicated through a variety of methods.   The first should be direct mail.   The direct mail campaign should be a manner to communicate directly by means of the consumer.   Coca Colas should in addition employ  banner ads as well as inserts in the Register Guard.   This should be particularly effective for the reason that the Register Guard is a popular local paper that is consulted when people are looking for things to do in the global markets.   The last method for communicating Coca Colas message is through a grassroots PR campaign.   This campaign should leverage personal relationships by means of people on staff of the Register Guard to get a couple of articles written regarding Coca Colas.   One should be as of the trade point of view, talking regarding the opening of the restaurant and the people behind the venture.   This is likely to be run in the trade section.   The second article should be a food review that is what are the different foods a customer feels a fizzy drink is a must, this will help the company to make sure that its products and all the drinks range is available on such occasions which augments its sales;  In speaking by means of several dissimilar retailers plus restaurateurs, significant increases of traffic followed articles in the Register Guard.   For the reason that of this level of effectiveness and low/zero cost, Coca Colas should work hard to get press in the Register Guard. Marketing Mix Coca Colas marketing mix is comprised of these following approaches to pricing, distribution, advertising and promotion, and customer service. Pricing. Coca Colas pricing scheme is that the product cost is 45% of the total retail price. Distribution. Coca Colas food should be distributed through a take out  model where customers can call in their order plus come to the  restaurant to pick it up, come into any restaurant free coke campaign will enable the , place the take out  order as well as wait for it to be completed, or come in and dine at the restaurant. Advertising and Promotion. The most successful advertising should be  banner ads and inserts in the Register Guard as well as a PR campaign of  informational articles plus reviews  in addition inside the Register Guard. Customer Service. Obsessive customer attention is the mantra.   Coca Colas philosophy is that whatever needs to be done to make the customer happy have to occur, even at the expense of short-term profits.   In the long term, this investment should pay off by means of a fiercely loyal customer base that is extremely vocal to their friends by means of referrals. Marketing Research During the initial phases of the  marketing plan development, several focus groups were held to gain insight into a variety of patrons of drinks.   These focus groups provided useful insight into the decisions, as well as decision making processes, of consumers. An additional source of souk research that is dynamic is a feedback mechanism based on a suggestion card system.   The suggestion card system has several statements that patrons are asked to rate in terms of a given scale.   There are in addition several open ended questions that allow the customer to freely offer constructive criticism or praise.   Coca Colas should work hard to implement reasonable suggestions in order to improve their service offerings as well as show their commitment to the customer that their suggestions are valued. The last source of souk research is competitive analysis/appreciation.   Coca Colas should continually patronize local drinks for two reasons.   The first is for competitive analysis, providing Coca Colas by means of timely information regarding other drinks service offering.   The second reason is that local trade owners particularly drink owners, are often part of an informal fraternal organization where they support each others trade. Financials, Budgets, and Forecasts This section should offer a financial overview of Coca Colas as it relates to the marketing activities.   Coca Colas should address Break-even Analysis, sales forecasts, expense forecasts, and how those link to the marketing strategy. Break-even Analysis The Break-even Analysis indicates that  Ã‚ £40,000 should be needed in monthly revenue to reach the break-even point. Sales Forecast The first two months should be worn to get the company up and running.   By month three things should get busier.   Sales  should gradually increase by means of profitability being reached by the beginning of year two. Expense Forecast Marketing expenses are to be budgeted so that they are ramped up for months two through four plus then lower as well as plateau as of month five to month 10. Companys typically have increased trade in the fall.   This generally occurs for the reason that during the summer, when the weather is nice and it does not get dark until late, people tend to eat out less but due to hot weather drinks sell well.   As of months 10-12, the marketing costs should increase again. Controls The purpose of Coca Colas marketing plan is to serve as a guide  for the organization.     Implementation Milestones The following milestones identify the key marketing programs.   It is significant to accomplish each one on time, and on budget. Marketing Organization Kevin Lewis, the owner, is primarily responsible for marketing activities.   This is in addition to his other responsibilities, plus does depend on some outside resources for graphic design work, and creativity. Contingency Planning Difficulties and risks: Problems generating visibility. Overly aggressive as well as debilitating actions by competitors. An entry into the Eugene  souk  of an already existing,  company. Worst case risks might include: Determining that the trade cannot support itself on an ongoing basis. Having to liquidate equipment or intellectual property  to cover liabilities. The concept and product image of Coca Cola should attract 3 dissimilar customer profiles; The student further and further young people have developed healthy eating and fizzy drinking habits. Some in addition go through a health food phase while in college. The health conscious person of any age or sex this includes anyone on a restricted or prescribed diet or those who have committed to a healthy diet. Curious and open-minded if one tries it, one should like it. Through marketing, publicity, plus word-of-mouth, people should seek out a novel experience and learn that nutritious food can be tasty, fun, convenient, as well as inexpensive. The Competition There are over four dozen companies in the global markets that offer drinks at similar prices. Even though this presents an obvious challenge in terms of souk share, it in addition indicates the presence of a large, strong potential. The newest competitors have made their successful entry based on an innovative concept or novelty. Coca Cola should offer an innovative product in a familiar style at a competitive price. The aggressive plans of take-out and delivery should in addition give us an advantage to create a good souk share before the competition can adjust or similar concepts appear. Competitors Profile Competing by means of Coca Cola for the target souk are these categories of food providers: Independent table service companies of similar range and price structure. Chain Commercial foodservice companies serving students directly. Competitive Strategy There are three major manners in which we should create an advantage over the competitors; product identity, quality, plus novelty high employee motivation and good sales attitude Innovative as well as aggressive service options. Marketing Plan Sales Strategy Souk Penetration Entry into the souk has to not be a problem. The store has high visibility by means of heavy foot traffic all day long. The local residents and students always support novel flavours plus the tourists do not have fixed preferences. In addition,  £10,000 has been budgeted for a pre-opening advertising and public relations campaign. Marketing Strategy Focusing on the unique aspect of the product theme (quality fizzy drinks) a mix of marketing vehicles should be created to convey the presence, the image, as well as the message. Print media local newspapers, magazines and student publications Broadcast media local programming and special interest shows Hotel guides, concierge relations, Chamber of Commerce brochures Direct mail subscriber lists, offices for delivery Misc. yellow pages, charity events A public relations firm has been retained to create special events and solicit print and broadcast coverage, especially at the start-up. The marketing effort should be split into 3 phases; 1) Opening An advanced notice (press packet) sent out by the PR firm to all media plus printed announcement ads in key places. Budget  £10,000 2) Ongoing A flexible campaign (using the above media), assessed regularly for effectiveness. Budget  £10,000 3) Point of sale A well-trained staff can increase the average check as well as enhancing the customers overall experience. Word-of-mouth referral is extremely significant in building a customer base. Future plans and Strategic Opportunities Catering to offices (even outside of the local area) might turn out to be a large part of gross sales. At that point sales agent would be hired to directly souk the products for daily delivery or catered functions. Operations Compensation Incentives Coca Cola should offer competitive wages and salaries to all employees by means of benefit packages available to key personnel only. Board of Directors An impressive board of directors should be assembled that represents some top professional as of the area. They should be a great asset to the development of the company. Consultants Professional Support Resources At the present, no outside consults have been retained, excepting the design department at Best Equipment. Management to be Added We are presently searching for a general manager plus executive chef. These key employees should be well chosen and given incentives for performance and growth. Ownership The stockholders should retain ownership by means of the possibility of offering stock to key employees if deemed appropriate. Long-Term Development Exit Plan Goals Coca Cola is an innovative concept that targets a novel, growing souk. We assume that the souk should respond, plus grow quickly in the next 5 years. The goals are to create a reputation of quality, consistency and security (safety of food) that should make us the leader of a novel style of dining. Strategies The marketing efforts should be concentrated on take-out and delivery, the areas of most promising growth. As the souk changes, novel products might be added to maintain sales. Risk Evaluation By means of any novel venture, there is risk involved. The success of the project hinges on the strength plus acceptance of a fairly novel souk. After year 1, we expect some copycat competition in the form of other independent units. Chain competition should be much later. Exit Plan Ideally, Coca Cola should expand to more units with increased supply of drinks in the next 10 years.

Tv Advertising and Consumer Buying Behavior

ABSTRACT Children are important in the family, they make a family complete and they influence a number of decisions made in the family. Children have occupied a big segment in the marketplace, there are more products produced and directed at them. The importance of children in purchase decision making has grown over the years. They not only make purchase decisions for personal consumption but they also influence family purchase decision-making (Kaur and Singh, 2006). However, nearly all studies are based in the western context, like US and Europe.There are few studies focused on the African context, especially in Nigeria. As a result of this, it is important to examine how they influence the decision to purchase products for family consumption. The typology of family communication patterns and social power theory will be used for this study. The study will employ qualitative research using questionnaire to elicit detailed explanation of children’s influence in family purchase decision. Children between the ages 8-13 years are the focus of this research.Key words: family decision-making, children’s role in family decision making, typology of family communication patterns, social power theory. 1. 0 INTRODUCTION Children are important in the family, they make a family complete and they influence a number of decisions made in the family. Today children are not only passive observers but they have taken a considerable place in the families and have a significant influence on parental buying decisions and they have occupied a big segment in the marketplace. Children are consumers in their own right; there are more products produced and directed at them.Because of a growing awareness of the role children play in family decision making on family purchases other than toys and cereals, as well as a realisation that the influence of children in family decision making appears to have grown significantly over the past two decades (Sellers, 1989 as cited by Eka sasi, 2005), increasing attention is being given to children and their role in family decision making (Foxman and Patriya, 1989). There is no doubt that children establish a significant marketing zone and today they have a more important place in the society than their parents ever had.They are not only consumers but have emotional involvement direct or indirect on parents buying decisions. This trend of increased influence appears to emanate from a number of factors, including the greater affluence enjoyed by many households, higher consumer socialisation of children, product type, and the increasing independence given to children due to dual income families and higher divorce rates. Several researchers have also demonstrated how children have been â€Å"socialised to act as consumers† (Kaur and Singh, 2006).Family (parents and siblings), peers, and media are main socialising agents for children wherein family type, parental style and patterns of communication play important roles. However, most of the studies are based on the western context and there are very few studies focusing on Africa, particularly Nigeria due to which this research will be undertaken. As a result of this, it is important to examine how children influence the decision to purchase products in the family in Nigeria. 1. 2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMFamily as a consuming and decision making unit is a central phenomenon in marketing and consumer behaviour. Earlier, research had only focused on the husband and wife’s role where children’s role was ignored (Commuri and Gentry, 2000 as cited by Kaur and Singh, 2006). The importance of children in purchase decision making has grown over the years. It is seen that children not only influence family purchase decision but they also insist their parents purchase the products they desire (Kaur and Singh, 2006). Children’s influence differs depending on the product category and decision-making stage.Age and gender of the chil dren also have a major impact on decision stage and the product category. The role that children play in family decision- making has directed the researchers to study the influence of children. Several researchers have also demonstrated how children have been â€Å"socialised to act as consumers† (Kaur and Singh, 2006). However, most of the studies are based on the western context and there are very few studies focusing on Africa, particularly Nigeria due to which this research will be undertaken.Since Nigerian society vastly differs from the west in terms of family composition, family type and structure, norms, values, and behaviour, it is important to understand children’s influence in the purchase decision making in families in the Nigerian context. The buying power of children in Nigeria will be different compared to the western countries, but still they play the key role in Nigerian families. Children influence family as well as individual purchase decisions. For this reason, detailed study will be done on children’s influence in family purchase decision in Nigeria. . 3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1. Does parent-child communication affect the way a child contributes in family decision making process? 2. What strategies do children use in influencing family product purchase? 3. At what decision making process stage do children have more influence in the family? 4. How do parents respond to children’s attempt to influence decisions on products for family consumption? 5. How frequently do children attempt to influence purchasing decisions on products for family consumption? 4. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYThe primary objective of this study is to examine the roles performed by children in family purchase decisions with regard to children and family related products and to explore children’s influence in family decision making process in the Nigerian context. However, the specific objectives are: to understand the family communication stru cture and its influence on a child as a consumer; to examine the decision making process and the stage children have the most influence; and to examine parents’ perception of the role children play in family purchase decision-making. . 5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY This study will focus on children’s influence on decision making process in the family as it relates to the purchase of products to be used by the family, family communication structure and patterns and parents perception of children’s influence in family purchase decision making. 1. 6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Family is the basic unit where most individuals learn about product categories and how to consume it. So, understanding family buying behavior is very important.It used to be that husband and wife hold dominant influence in family decision-making process. However, now, their role is changing. Today, children’s role in family decision-making process is also significant. As children are an integral part of the marketplace, this study would help manufacturers of family products, marketers and advertisers to understand the place of a child in the family. Their influence relates to a wide variety of products needed by their family and not just to the items that directly relate to their need.This means that, to market successfully to the family, advertisers must understand children’s role in the decision making process in the family. The result of this research will aid advertisers to better position products to win the hearts of children who will eventually influence their parents buying decision. 2. 0 LITERATURE REVIEW This section is to review what past studies has found on the influence children have on purchase decision in the family. 2. 1 FAMILY DECISION MAKING The family is a major influence in the consumer behavior process.As the basic group, which an individual belongs, the family provides early childhood learning about products and product categories, provides th e opportunity for product exposure and repetition, and sets the consumption unit, the family members. As a major consumption unit the family is a prime target for most products and product categories (Schiffman & Kanuk, 1983). Loudon & Della (1993) as cited by Ekasasi (2005) define the family as a group of two or more persons related by blood, marriage, or adoption and residing together as a household.A number of different types of family exist. The nuclear family consists of a husband, a wife, and their offspring. The extended family consists of the nuclear family plus other relatives, such as parents of the husband or wife. There is also the detached nuclear family structure which has characteristics as follows: free choice of mates, higher levels of divorce, increased residential mobility, entry of large numbers of women into the labour force, and lower responsibility of children to care for their parents in their old age (Mowen, 1995 in Ekasasi, 2005).During the course of everyd ay living, thousands of decisions are made by family members. The husband and wife are clearly the dominant influences in family decision-making. Most studies have focused on their role in decision-making and the dominance on their role in decision-making and the dominance of one or the other. The relative influence of the husband and the wife is likely to vary according to the type of product considered, the stage in decision making, the nature of purchase influence, and family characteristics (Assael 1992).In the process of family decision-making, there are three stages: initiation, make choice and final decision. Initiation is the process whereby a family member proposes a suggestion and ideas. Making choice is the second stage. Family members search and compare different alternatives. The final stage is the buying decision process. The child has been regarded as an initiator in family decision-making. When a particular product has been chosen as a candidate in the second stage, the product has greater chance to be sold. 2. 2 CHILDREN’S INFLUENCE IN FAMILY DECISION MAKINGFamily decision- making research was initially directed to spouses, however the role of children on decision making and negotiation strategies had become an important issue of study (Kaur and Singh, 2006). Children not only enjoy making regular consumption decisions with their parents but they also insist their parents to buy the products they desire. The family as a purchasing unit is a central phenomenon in consumer behavior. Researchers have studied how a family makes a purchase decision for many years but most of the ‘families’ studied only comprised the husband and wife (Davis, 1976 in Kaur and Singh, 2006).However, family decisions are influenced by every member of the family, which means how a family makes decisions will not be well examined unless every member’s influence is taken into account; children inclusive. Children’s influence in family purc hase decisions and the spending power of children have increased over the last 40 years (Shoham and Dalakas, 2005). After Berey and Polly (1968) as cited by Kaur & Singh (2006) detected child’s influence in family decision making, there was an increasing recognition of children’s important role with the increasing influence of children in family decision making.Usually, children influence parental purchases in the shopping environment, at home, in the car, at the movies, during television viewing, on vacation, at mealtime, even in church. The influence that children have on parental purchases is extensive and principally embraces the following areas (McNeal 1999): 1. Items for the children, including snacks, toys, consumer electronics, clothing, and hobbies equipment and supplies. 2. Items for the home, including furnishings, television sets, stereo systems, and foods and beverages for meals. 3.Non-household items for family members, including vacations, automobiles, c lothing, restaurant meals, and recreation. In addition to these three groups, there are others that are more difficult to classify. They include family gifts to the children’s grandparents and family donations to charities. Also, children often influence the parent’s choice of stores and shopping centers. According to Ramzy, T. Ogden, R. Ogden and Zakaria (2012) children’s purchasing power can be direct, money controlled by the child, or indirect, relating to parental purchases that the child initiates or influences.Children influence family buying decisions in four different ways. First, children influence their parents to buy products for their individual preferences. Second, older children have their own pocket money and buy the products directly. Third, children influence their parents’ choice for family products for shared consumption. Lastly, children influence their parents’ own preferences. Children exert a certain influence on the overall decision process (Wut and Chou 2009). Geuens, Mast and Pelsmacker (2002) discovered that children can have active or passive influence on purchase decision.Active influence means that the child wants to influence purchase decisions in a direct way by recommending, hinting and/or asking for things (McNeal, 1999). Passive dictation, on the other hand, means that parents are influenced by what they experience their children prefer or need (Wells, 1965). A mother experiencing that her toddler enjoys a specific meal will be more increased to buy or cook this particular food again (Mehrotra and Torges, 1977 as cited by Wut and Chou, 2009).Passive influence is mostly unconscious and as a consequence difficult to observe and measure. Various researchers have revealed that a number of factors play a substantial role on children’s influence on parents buying decisions across different product categories. Berey & Pollay (1968, as cited by Kaur & Singh 2006) studied mother-child dyads in purchase of break- fast cereals and found that in most of the products parents are intermediary purchasing agents for children.In such situations children’s influence on parent’s purchase decisions is governed by two factors as children’s assertiveness and parent’s child centeredness. The study showed that more assertive the child or more children cantered the mother is, more probable the mother will buy the child desired brands. The research also revealed that mother’s act as gatekeepers and bought products that weighed high in nutrition. In general children exert more influence on products for which they are primary consumers (Lee and Beauty 2002).In recent years, family structures have changed considerably. We have single parents, two parents with one source of income, dual income families and higher divorce rates. Geuens, Mast and Pelsmacker (2002) examined the impact of new family structures (single versus one parent, two versus one income, h igh versus low working hours, small versus large size) on children’s influence on family purchase decision-making. The increase of children’s influence on parents buying decisions in most of the developed countries can be attributed to various reasons.First; increase in number of working couple resulting in to cash rich and time poor society and hence increasing the influence of children on parents; second, the shift in the family setup from joint families to nuclear families, allowing the influence of children on parents buying decisions; third, lesser number of children per family, resulting in increase in the buying power of each; fourth, the repeated exposure to media resulting in socialization of children which in turn result in to children influence on parents buying decisions etc. Wimalasiry (2004).Williams and Burns (2000) explained that changing social trends such as working mothers, decreased and delayed childbearing, increased divorce rates, and rapid matura tion have given way to a formidable market force for children. They developed a scale based on social power theory to measure children’s direct influence attempts. The seven dimensions derived to represent direct influence attempt were ask nicely, bargain, show affection, just ask, beg and plead, show anger, and con. In this study, these dimensions will be utilized to measure the direct influence of children. . 3 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Two theories are proposed to guide this study. They are the typology of family communication patterns and social power theory. 2. 3. 1 TYPOLOGY OF FAMILY COMMUNICATION PATTERNS The typology of parent-child communication structures and patterns was developed by McLeod and Chaffee (1972) and this typology utilizes Newcomb's (1953) co-orientation model. Together, the two dimensions of family communication structure yielded a four-fold typology of family communication patterns: laissez-faire, protective, pluralistic, and consensual.McLeod and Chaffe e (1972) identified two dimensions of parent-child communications dimensions. These dimensions are the degree of social orientation and degree of concept orientation. Social Orientation: The communications in families with a high social orientation are designed to produce obedience from the child and foster family harmony. Concept Orientation: The communications in families with a high concept orientation are designed to encourage openness and foster an independent outlook. Laissez-faire families emphasize neither of the two dimensions and there is little communication between parents and children.Protective families emphasize the socio-orientation dimension, stressing obedience and social harmony, and are not concerned with conceptual matters. Conversely, Pluralistic families tend to stress the concept-orientation dimension, with an emphasis being placed on mutuality of respects and interest. Children are encouraged to explore new ideas and to express them openly without fear of re prisal. Finally, consensual families stress both the socio- and concept orientation dimensions, and children are encouraged to explore the world about them but to do so without disrupting the family's established internal social harmony.A parent with a high socio-orientation believes that children should respect him/her, should suppress opinions on areas not pertaining to them, that children should avoid disagreements with parents and be obedient (Moschis & Moore 1978). Parents with this type of communication orientation tend to control their child’s consumption-related learning (Moschis & Moore 1979). A high concept-orientation means that parents encourage children to evaluate different alternatives when making decisions. Children in this orientation are allowed to discuss disagreements with parents and to develop their own consumer skills.They are also asked by their parents about purchase decisions even if the product is not directly for the child. According to Moschis and Mitchell (1986), children from families with a high social orientation are less likely to be involved in family decisions and less likely to make consumption-related decisions for themselves. Conversely, children from families with a high concept orientation are likely to have higher product knowledge, better able to manage a family budget and have a higher regard for their parents’ opinions. 2. 3. 2 SOCIAL POWER THEORYSocial power theory examines power bases in social interactions. The concept of social power was initially introduced by Lewin (1951) and later developed theoretically by French and Raven (1959). Social power theory is an appropriate theoretical framework from which to study children’s direct influence attempts for several reasons. First, social power theory identifies the bases of power which are present in social interactions. These sources of power may include expertise, reward power, referent power, legitimate power, and coercion.These five bases ar e considered by French and Raven (1959) to be the most important resources utilized by a person, but not an all-inclusive list of potential resources. Further, social power theory suggests that a person will make an assessment of his or her resources and choose an influence attempt that is consistent with his or her sources of social power. In addition, the theory suggests that these power bases may be utilized in two ways: active (i. e. , direct) or passive (i. e. , indirect). When the utilization of power to influence is active, or the result of an intentional act, a direct influence attempt is exerted.In relation to influence and power evidence exists that children exert varying degrees of influence on the family decision-making process. This influence varies by product, decision stage, child, parental and family characteristics but are not properly researched. Social power theory is useful in explaining differences in children’s influence on purchases and distinguishes be tween influence derived from active and passive power, compatible with direct and indirect influence. Power bases pertinent to exercising influence include: expert (e. g. children possess detailed knowledge about toys, games etc. ; legitimate (e. g. children and products they consume including food, toys and clothing); referent (identifying with peers); reward (children exhibiting good behaviour) and coercive power (e. g. children threatening negative or bothersome behaviour, complaining or even pestering) (Flurry and Burns, 2005). Furthermore, social power theory further suggests the five power bases may be utilised in two ways: actively and passively. Power used to influence is an active and intentional action; passive, when the mere presence of power is influential.Both contribute to a person’s potential to direct a preferential outcome. 3. 0 METHODOLOGY This section comprises of the research design, population, sample size, sampling technique, research instrument to be em ployed, method of data collection and analysis to be employed. 3. 1 RESEARCH DESIGN This study will employ descriptive survey because the role children play in influencing family purchase decision will be described. It will also be a cross-sectional study as children’s influence will be examined from the children as well as the parents’ point of view.Since the research aims at understanding children’s influence in family purchase decision, the views of the children will be essential for this study and to get a balanced view, the views of the parents will also be important, especially mothers. This study will employ questionnaire and in-depth interview as methods of collecting primary data. 3. 2 POPULATION The study will be located in Ibadan metropolis in Oyo State, South West Nigeria. Ibadan is majorly populated by the Yoruba people, but its population has always been ethnically mixed and is becoming increasingly so.Ibadan houses one of Africa’s premier u niversities, the University of Ibadan, which lends its economy a significant intellectual, professional and artistic profile. There are 11 Local Governments in Ibadan metropolitan area consisting of 5 urban local governments in the city and 6 semi-urban local governments. This study will be limited to one urban and one semi-urban local government which are Ibadan North-West and Ido local government respectively. One government-owned secondary school; one private secondary school will be randomly selected from the list of Secondary Schools in the two local government areas for this study. . 3 SAMPLE SIZE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE A multi – stage sampling procedure will be used for this study. At first six schools will be randomly selected from a list of public and private secondary schools in Ibadan North West as well as in Ido Local Government Areas of Oyo State respectively. Then, the balloting system will be used to choose one school for the public secondary school and for the private secondary school in the two local government areas respectively. Going by the assumption that 25 pupils are meant to be in a class, a class of J. S. S 1, 2 and 3 students of a school will be the respondents for this study.This will be 75 respondents per school, making the number of respondents to be 150 altogether. The J. S. S 1, 2 and J. S. S 3 students will be used because they fall within the age range that this study would be focusing on, which is between the ages of 8 and 13 and also because they should be more matured than those in the primary school that also falls within this age range.. 3. 4 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT Questionnaire and in-depth interview will be used for this study. The questionnaire will be in two sections; the first section will be addressed to the children while the second section will be filled by the parents, specifically mothers.This section is specifically to ask the mother to indicate demographic characteristics of the child; including his/her bir thday and sex of the child and to find out how they perceive the role their children play in family purchase decision. This information will be used to match the parent's responses to responses given by the child. The questionnaire will be given to respondents to take home to their parents. The interview will be for the teachers of the respective schools to be used to ascertain the schools’ demography. 3. 5 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION This will involve qualitative method.The headteachers or class teachers of these four schools will be requested to distribute the questionnaires to a class of J. S. S 1, 2 and J. S. S 3 students at the schools. 3. 6 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS The method of data analysis will involve quantitative and qualitative methods. For quantitative method, univariate and bivariate tabulation methods will be used for the analysis. REFERENCES Ali A. and Batra D. K. (2011) Children influence on parents buying decisions in Delhi (India) European Journal of Business and Management (Online) Vol. 3 (11), 19-28 Davis, H. L. 1976), Decision making within the household, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 2, March, 241-60. Ekasasi S. R. 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